The Life of Robert E Lee - 701 Words

In life we all want to see things as black and white, cut and dry, and easy to understand. This is not the case with Robert E. Lee. He was smart, loyal and above all, complicated. We like to make him out as some old general guy who fought for the South in the Civil War. Eventually lost at Gettysburg and because it was the turning point of the Civil War; he became famous for losing. He is a lot more than just that. He was an actual person who, from his birth up to his death, dealt with real life situations. On January 19, 1807, Robert E. Lee was born in Stratford, Virginia to Henry and Anne Lee. His father was a Revolutionary War hero, nicknamed Light-Horse Harry†, also being a Major General. Being born in a military family, Robert seemed likely to follow in his father’s footsteps. When he was 18, he enrolled into West Point Military Academy where he graduated second in his class in 1829. In 1831, he met and married his wife Mary Anna Randolph Custis, the great granddaughter of George Washington and Martha Washington. They later had seven children: four daughters and three sons. Instead of doing anything combat related he served in the Corps of Engineers, looking over the construction of the United States’ coastal defenses. However, his service in the Mexican-American war in 1846 changed that. Being a member of General Winfield, he made himself stand out, earning three brevets for gallantry and gaining the rank of colonel from the war. After that,Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Life of Robert E. Lee667 Words   |  3 PagesThe Life of Robert E. Lee Robert Edward Lee was born on January 19th, 1807 in Stratford, Virginia. Roberts father was thrown in debtors jail many times for not paying on time. He was introduced to war early in his life; his brother Sydney had shown him a cannon ball and told him about the revolution. Mrs. Lees stepson was old enough to claim the mansion where they lived that his dead mother had given to him in his will. The Lees left to live in Alexandria. Lee was brought up in a ChristianRead MoreRobert E. Lee s Life1237 Words   |  5 Pagesdiffering views on Robert E. Lee, which may be the reason so many historians find him intriguing, however, he still remains very much something of a mystery. Many earlier works, beginning in the late 19th and until the mid-20th century, Lee has often been portrayed as nearly saint-like, nearly clairvoyant with his defensive actions. Modern historiographies of Lee vary from the earlier works written as they seem to look more into the man, rather than the legend. Earlier biographies of Lee interpret himRead MoreRobert E Lee s Life1366 Words   |  6 Pages As Robert E. Lee said, â€Å"You cannot be a true man until you learn to obey.† This quote fits his life well as he worked his way up the chain to be the man and wonderful military leader he was. Robert started on the bottom and work his way all the way up to General. One of the bloodiest battles he was in was at Antietam as he was trying to gain Northern soil. Robert E Lee was born on January 19, 1807, in Stratford Hall, Virginia. He was born to Henry â€Å"Light Horse Larry† Lee and Anne HillRead MoreRobert E. Lee s Life2092 Words   |  9 PagesRobert E. Lee is considered by many as one of the greatest generals in the history of the United States. Even though Lee turned on his country, he is still loved by many. He is an influential figure in the eye of the public, especially in the south. The impact that Robert E. Lee had on the United States is enormous and cannot be measured. On January 19th, 1807, Robert Edward Lee was born in Stratford Hall, Virginia. He was the son of Henry â€Å"Light Horse Harry† Lee III, a general in the RevolutionaryRead MoreRobert E. Lee s Life3560 Words   |  15 Pagesdiffering views on Robert E. Lee, which may be the reason so many historians find him intriguing, however, he still remains very much something of a mystery. Many earlier works, beginning in the late 19th and until the mid-20th century, Lee has often been portrayed as nearly saint-like, nearly clairvoyant with his defensive actions. Modern historiographies of Lee vary from the earlier works written as they seem to look more into the man, rather than the legend. Earlier biographies of Lee interpret himRead MoreRobert E. Lee s Life2475 Words   |  10 Pages Robert E. Lee was a general for the Confederates during the American Civil War, who led the Army of Northern Virginia from June 1862, till the end of the war. Robert is a descended from the first famili es to set foot on Virginia soil. Robert E. Lee was a successful general even before the American Civil War. One of the best at the time in United States Army. Robert E. Lee was born in Virginia in Westmoreland County. He was the youngest in his family. His father was Henry Lee III and Ann Hill CarterRead MoreThe Life and Career of Robert E. Lee1072 Words   |  4 PagesRobert E. Lee Robert Edward Lee was born on January 19, 1807 in Stratford, Virginia. When he joined West Point, he graduated second in his class and had a demerit free record (Pryor). After he graduated from West Point, he enrolled into the Army in the Mexican American War. Once the Civil War came across America, Lee took the position as a general for the Confederacy. He proved to be a worthy general by winning the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Seven Days BattleRead MoreRobert E. Lee s Life During The Civil War1265 Words   |  6 Pagescontributed to the rise of anxiety and stress related medical disorders. Robert E. Lee, a brilliant Confederate general and skilled tactician, was such a case. General Lee s health during his pre-Civil War years was without blemish. However, with the beginning of the Civil War, Lee s health experienced noticeable decline. Later in his life, doctors diagnosed Lee with pericarditis, but more modern clinical evaluations of Robert E Lee s sy mptoms conclude that his condition was more likely attributed toRead MoreNew York : Three Rivers Press1608 Words   |  7 PagesH. W. Crocker III, Robert E. Lee on Leadership, in character, courage, and vision. New York: Three Rivers press, 2000. Ppx + 231. Bibliography and index. $14.95 (Paper). In this book Crocker attempts to layout valuable business lessons for today’s modern CEO through his historical story telling of Robert E Lee’s Life from his mid 30th until his death. This book â€Å"executive lessons in character, courage, and Vision† Covers 231 pages plus the index. Crocker starts off by explaining that heRead MoreRobert E Lee: A True American Hero Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican History; Robert Edward Lee. Robert Edward Lee was a general in the American Civil War. He led his men and stood with them in each and every they were in and got many of them out safely. Robert E. Lee was born on January 19, 1807 at Stratford in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the youngest son of Major-General Henry â€Å"Light Horse Harry† Lee and his second wife, Ann Hill (Carter) Lee. His siblings from his father’s first wife are Philip Ludwell Lee, Lucy Grymes Lee, Henry Lee, and Nathaniel

Unity in Diversity - 4053 Words

Unity and Diversity: Finding the Proper Balance Unity and diversity are both qualities to be desired within society. Both, when balanced with one another, provide for the strongest form of society in which all are unified under some ideas, but differences are tolerated and accepted. One of the strongest factors of determining the present status of unity and diversity is the current state of affairs within a community. The current state of affairs can be altered by a number of issues, some planned and recurring, such as elections years, and some unexpected altogether, such as natural disasters. Within the global community, the current state of a variety of affairs greatly affects the balance of unity and diversity amongst the global†¦show more content†¦Society: According to Eugene M. Makar, the traditional Indian culture is defined by relatively strict social hierarchy. He also mentions that from an early age, children are reminded of their roles and places in society. This is reinforced by the fact that many believe gods and spirits have integral and functional role in determining their life. Several differences such as religion divide culture. However, far more powerful division is the traditional Hindu bifurcation into non-polluting and polluting occupations. Strict social taboos have governed these groups for thousands of years.In recent years, particularly in cities, some of these lines have blurred and sometimes even disappeared. Nuclear family is becoming central to Indian culture. Important family relations extend to as far as gotra, the mainly patrilinear lineage or clan assigned to a Hindu at birth.In rural areas it is common that three or four generations of the family live under the same roof. Patriarch often resolves family issues. Among developing countries, India has low levels of occupational and geographic mobility. People choose same occupations as their parents and rarely move geographically in the society. Family: India for ages has had a prevailing tradition of the joint family system. It’s a system under which even extended members of a family like one’s parents, children, the children’s spouses and their offspring, etc. live together. TheShow MoreRelatedUnity and Diversity1694 Words   |  7 PagesKevin Osman M. Ward Writing 140/ IR 100 December 7, 2007 Unity and Diversity: Finding the Proper Balance Unity and diversity are both qualities to be desired within society. Both, when balanced with one another, provide for the strongest form of society in which all are unified under some ideas, but differences are tolerated and accepted. One of the strongest factors of determining the present status of unity and diversity is the current state of affairs within a community. The currentRead MoreUnity in Diversity Skit1003 Words   |  5 Pagesfor technology industries but also because of it’s variety of people, numerous languages, multiple customs and traditions; different races with different faces and marvelous landscapes. These always project India among other countries like â€Å"unity in diversity†. Most of us never know about northern states and North Indians like vise- versa but yet we join hands to support any sensational news created by media like Anna Hazare’s corruption movement. We never know how many languages are exiting in ourRead MoreUnity in D iversity Skit1003 Words   |  5 Pagesfor technology industries but also because of it’s variety of people, numerous languages, multiple customs and traditions; different races with different faces and marvelous landscapes. These always project India among other countries like â€Å"unity in diversity†. Most of us never know about northern states and North Indians like vise- versa but yet we join hands to support any sensational news created by media like Anna Hazare’s corruption movement. We never know how many languages are exiting in ourRead MoreUnity : The Message And Diversity Is The Messenger1111 Words   |  5 Pages10/25/2015 Unity is the message and diversity is the messenger. The statement strongly clarifies the importance of diversity in order to change the world. Diversity means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. It signifies the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies which clearly signifiesUnity in Diversity. Introduction:Read MoreEssay on Unity Amid Diversity1691 Words   |  7 PagesUnity Amid Diversity The 1950’s and 1960’s was a dawning of a new age. Many changes were occurring within America’s society. Segregation was prominent with the passing of Plessy vs. Ferguson, however, the Jim Crow laws of the south were being challenged. Negroes in the south wanted equality and justice. The nation was in need of an ethic of caring and a solid identity of what it meant to be an â€Å"American.† With the war in Vietnam and the war for equality, people were fed up with all of theRead MoreUnity And Diversity Of Islamic Civilization. Set In The1508 Words   |  7 PagesUnity and Diversity of Islamic Civilization Set in the Fourteenth century in different regions of Africa and Asia, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta presents a precise representation of Ibn Battuta’s rihla , exemplifying a clear distinction between the different countries and regions he visited. Ibn Battuta began his journey by setting off from his home Tangier, Morocco to Mecca. â€Å"I braced my resolution to quit all my dear ones, female and male, and forsook my home as birds forsake their nests† (DunnRead MoreEvolution Drives The Diversity And Unity Of Life1674 Words   |  7 Pages Big Idea 1- The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life Natural selection is evolutions driving mechanism. Evolution is â€Å"the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from early forms during the history of the earth.† Darwin s theory states that inheritable variations exist within individuals in a population. This big idea has impacted human life and evolution in many ways. With natural selection as its major mechanismRead MoreIs cultural diversity proving to be compatible with social unity1840 Words   |  8 PagesIs cultural diversity proving to be compatible with social unity? Britain has changed quite significantly over the past few decades in terms of cultural diversity. Whereas Britain was largely white not so long ago, the number of ethnic minorities has been steadily increasing and this growth does not look likely to stop anytime soon. Demographic experts have, infact, predicted that by 2050, 1 in every 5 British person will belong to an ethnic minority. The question issue I will be discussing in theRead MoreGlobalization : The World And Created Unity Out Of Great Diversity Essay1542 Words   |  7 PagesFor centuries, globalization has increasingly knitted 　　together the world and created unity out of great diversity. Coca Cola, Disney and McDonald’s symbolize the process, along with Sony, Shell Oil and IBM. They are products known and consumed from Ulan Bator to Little Rock - and also powerful companies that drive globalization forward, creating new laws, new business practices, new ways to eat and drink, new hopes and dreams. Optimists look forward to a global village, linked together by the InternetRead MoreRELIGIOUS PLACES IN SURAT India is a country which believes in the principle of unity in diversity.600 Words   |  3 Pages RELIGIOUS PLACES IN SURAT India is a country which believes in the principle of unity in diversity. India houses many religions, cultures, traditions and customs. Some of the religions practiced in India are Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. Surat is the second largest city in the State of Gujarat which houses many of the sacred religious places. Some of the religious places at Surat are listed below: 1. Agam Mandir 2. Ambika Niketan Temple 3. Ambaji Temple 4. Khwaja

Implementation of Small Bsiness Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Implementation of Small Bsiness Accounting. Answer: Introduction Lin and Beck (2012) stated that the implementation of small business accounting (SBA) software has common among small as well as medium sized enterprises as it becomes technically reasonable. Ng, Harrison and Akroyd (2013) argued that implementing accounting software from many available software packages is vital for small industries. The issues are lack of exterior direction as well as support and the lack of accounting abilities are identified as the main issues faced by the small businesses in the process of executing SBA software. The exterior consultants are playing the major role in implementation of SBA software. This literature review on accounting software used in Australia summarizes the history of those software and its development and adoption areas. The current market size of the Australian software is summarized to identify the leaders within the market. The competitive advantage of the accounting software is discussed to identify the current gaps as well as challenges in the small business sectors. Finally, further recommendations are given to overcome the issues in those software packages. History of the Accounting Software used in Australia In the year 1886, the founding fathers of the accounting software discusses the future of the accounting profession. To achieve this vision, Certified Practicing Accountant of Australia was born (Myob.com.au 2015). The MYOB (Mind Your Own Business) is the software that is used in the small business accounting software product developed by Christopher Lee in the United States in the year 1980. The Australian business organizations are replaced their paper based work in the area of accounting into cloud based accounting system. Around 67 percent of the accounting business are moved their business into cloud (Myob.com.au 2016). In the year 2008, MYOB launched a new package of the online services as well as domain registration. Development and Adoption MYOB is the leader within cloud accounting for the SME in Australia. With a $40 million investment in the research and development, it is continued to expand their cloud offerings in order to meet with the SME. According to Myob.com.au (2014), MYOB introduces innovative mobile solutions such as MYOB PayDirect, it is the first for credit card payments on the Smartphone. MYOB launches first cloud ERP solution for the SME. MYOB advanced is the ERP solution planned for the mid to the large businesses (myob.com 2015). The features of this ERP solution is a browser interface which offers various functionality for the employees, clients as well as employers. With the implementation of the ERP solution, most of the organizations those are using MYOB gets a robust high speed of broadband network to provide accurate financial solutions. According to ABC News (2015), the experts at 4mation Technologies connect the website as well as customer web based software to the MYOB accounting software package. It is done so that the data are flowing instantly. The websites of e-commerce as well as booking system orders are imported into MUOB, product data as well as inventory records are synchronized between the website as well as MYOB (Myob.com.au 2013). The customer staff intranet systems and other back end office software are integrated with the accounting software package to update the details in payroll, update of timesheet as well as attendance records. This software package also developed the process of prepare tax and payments automatically. Current Market Size MYOB invested AU$29.3 million in the research and development and it increases in 2013. It invests AU$5 million in order to integrate BankLink products into the MYOB accountants office as well as accountants enterprises suites and accelerates their move towards online (Blog.rgtechnologies.com.au 2014). MYOB holds a market share of approximately 60-70% for the SME and 60-70% for the public accountants by revenues and sales. According to Myob.com.au (2013), MYOB seeks to rise to $833.3 million with an initial public offer. It becomes the biggest ASX technology float of 2015, the Melbourne-headquartered company values up to $2.69 billion. Even according to the chief executive of MYOB, the company has taken enormous strides within recent years under the ownership of Bain Capital. This accounting software makes significant investment in research and development in the business in order to innovate and drive leadership through the range of cloud accounting solutions (Myob.com.au 2015). Usi ng their cloud based products, the company, MYOB claims more than 116,000 paying subscribers in the year 2014. The accounting software package pushes into larger business and hence due to adoption of first cloud ERP product, they become attractive to the integrators. Identify the leaders in the market Armitage, Webb and Glynn (2016) stated that as the leading provider of the online business management solutions, MYOB becomes one of the leaders in the Australian accounting software. This software helps the businesses to provide online business management solutions for 1.2 million clients across Australia. The software package becomes a leader in the enterprise market by delivering ERP as well as human resource management software over 7000 clients. According to Myob.com.au (2016), MYOB is the strongest contender in the market of accounting software package. It is an established world leader within the ERP market. This accounting software package has strong network of trusted, local partners, third party developers as well as authorized partners in the market of Australia. This software package has offered local support as well as training to the workers. Competitive Advantage of the Accounting Software MYOB gains a competitive advantage in the Australian accounting software packages due to some of accounting features. It has greater speed of input. This software automates manual accounting processes, which waste time and money. Lin and Beck (2012) stated that the manual accounting system requires various entities of same information. Therefore, this software synchronizes the information and decreases the time consuming practices by automating credit notes, payroll and acquire orders (Ng, Harrison and Akroyd 2013). This software package has greater accuracy for effective financial management. It automates the manual processes and reduces the human errors. The most important competitive factor of MYOB is that it reduces both financial as well as operational expenditure (Curtis 2015). When the organization uses MYOB cloud solution, it eliminates the maintenance cost, updates and backups. Therefore, most of the organizations prefer to use this accounting software solution for their acc ounting operations. Identification of current gaps and challenges The major concern for the cloud accounting system such as MYOB is the safety of data. It is due to the reason that online content is susceptible to the hackers and threats. According to Macpherson (2012), MYOB invests in the security architecture as well as design, but most of the organizations are not affording the security level that MYOB offers. This software solution is not novice friendly. The workforce of the organization should be trained on the software to avoid inefficient manual processes. As most of the organizations are not taking advantage of cloud automation, then it is critical for staff training (Blog.rgtechnologies.com.au 2014). MYOB offers free webinars to the essential users. Suddenly, in the year 2012, MYOB faces a wide backlash as it released a bug-ridden upgrade that put the future of the platform at risk. That year the accountants partners are refused to recommend this software package as it becomes slow, contains of bug and breaks existing application integrat ions. Recommendations The following are the recommendations that are suggested to the users who are using the Australian accounting software (MYOB) for their financial and accounting purposes such as: MYOB should require investing in the architecture of data security as well as design. The accounting software package should require improving their online services so that the software becomes useful in the SME. MYOB should add various features to their accounting software version such that the international partners and users should also use it. MYOB should also undergo training to the users who are going to use it at the first time. Therefore, the software updates knowledge and skills with a current tools software package to help them in a preparation of payroll and tax. MYOB should require using strong authentication technique such that the data are kept secured and remove the bugs. It also improves their operational level and make it faster to operate. Conclusion It is concluded that MYOB is competing within the Australian accounting software package market. This software is not only used for the accounting purposes, but it is also useful to take managerial decisions in order to gain a competitive advantage. Among all the accounting software packages, MYOB is rated as a top with gaining a market share of 60-70%. The benefits of this software are that it gains cloud-computing solutions that give the employees ability to work on organisational content. This software package is accessed anywhere and anytime with greater speed of input, reduces costs as well as increases accuracy. Apart from the benefits, this software also faces challenges such as data security and it is not novice friendly. MYOB also offers office training by offering day courses as well as online seminars. It provides cost-effective solutions to the organizations in order to eliminate the manual processes and develops a strategic future for the company. References ABC News, 2015.MYOB shares rise on market debut. [online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-04/myob-shares-rise-on-market-debut/6442986 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Armitage, H.M., Webb, A. and Glynn, J., 2016. The Use of Management Accounting Techniques by Small and Mediumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Sized Enterprises: A Field Study of Canadian and Australian Practice.Accounting Perspectives,15(1), pp.31-69. Blog.rgtechnologies.com.au, 2014.MYOB: Benefits and Challenges for your Organisation. [online] Blog.rgtechnologies.com.au. Available at: https://blog.rgtechnologies.com.au/myob [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Curtis, V., 2015.MYOB Software for Dummies-Australia. John Wiley Sons. Lin, Z. and Beck, M.B., 2012. Accounting for structural error and uncertainty in a model: An approach based on model parameters as stochastic processes.Environmental Modelling Software,27, pp.97-111. Macpherson, S., 2012.Backlash against MYOB. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/business-it/backlash-against-myob-20120222-1tn1c.html [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. myob.com, 2015.Defining the challenges of a growing business. [online] www.myob.com. Available at: https://www.myob.com/content/dam/myob-website/docs/enterprise/industry-whitepapers/GROWING-BUSINESS-WHITEPAPER,3.pdf [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Myob.com.au, 2013.News Media Releases. [online] Myob.com.au. Available at: https://myob.com.au/myob/news-1258090872838?articleId=1257830989162 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Myob.com.au, 2014.News Media Releases. [online] Myob.com.au. Available at: https://myob.com.au/myob/news-1258090872838?articleId=1408831212290 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Myob.com.au, 2015.What is MYOB? Mind Your Own Business | MYOB. [online] Myob.com.au. Available at: https://myob.com.au/myob-1258090781426 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Myob.com.au, 2016.MYOB data file repair services. [online] Myob.com.au. Available at: https://myob.com.au/business/customer-service-support/support/company-data-file-repairs-1258090985356 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Ng, F., A. Harrison, J. and Akroyd, C., 2013. A revenue management perspective of management accounting practice in small businesses.Meditari Accountancy Research,21(2), pp.92-116.

titanic research paper Essay Example For Students

titanic research paper Essay Underwater Treasures: Titanic A major shift in our innovative world occurred during the beginning of the 20th century. Inventions that rule our era today were first brought upon in the early 1900s. One of the most notorious of these inventions was the steamboat. During this time there was a big transition from sailboat to steamboat. A significant change as to how naval vessels were built and operated took place, which sometimes resulted in conducting problems leading to tragedies. One of the most famous steamboats to ever be built was the R. M. S Titanic. White Star Lines Royal Mail Ship Titanic was the argest British luxury passenger liner to ever be built. At the time, Titanic was believed to be unsinkable because of the way she was constructed; but this thought was quickly proven wrong on April 1 5th, 1912 when Titanic touched the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean on her maiden voyage en route to New York City from Southampton, England. The wreck caused about 1 ,500 casualties, therefore, making the Titanics sinking one of the most famous maritime tragedies in history. We will write a custom essay on titanic research paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The material usage and design flaws of the ship, as well as the timeline of events in relation to mistakes hat were made on the night of April 15th are crucial information to understand why the Titanic is living at the bottom of the Atlantic today. There are many controversies and different stories told about the Titanic. Questionable events arose after the sinking because the only evidence about that night was the stories told by the few survivors. It was known that on April 10th 1912, the Titanic set sail on her first voyage from Southampton. On April 14th at 1 1 p. m. the ship struck an iceberg on her starboard side of the bow. On April 15th at 2:20 a. m. , the Titanics broken off stern sank into the sea (Amy 2). For many people, it was hard to believe that the largest ship ever built had sunk on its maiden voyage. Since it was thought that Titanic could stay afloat with even the hardest of impacts it was hard to imagine that the Titanic went down Just because of an iceberg that scratched her bow. Therefore, the world was shocked the morning of April 1 5th when news broke out that Titanic had gone down in less than three hours. A recently uncovered family secret has revealed new information as to why the Titanic sank so rapidly. Today, the Titanic lies at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean in two pieces and a big ebris field surrounding two square miles. The shipwreck site is one of the deepest places on Earth to be explored and has brought us new knowledge about the tragic events of April 1 5thas well as biological processes currently occurring underwater. Construction of the Titanic began in 1909 in Belfast, Ireland by the shipbuilding company Harland and Wolff. Harland and Wolff had to make alterations to their shipyard and acquire larger piers and gantries to accommodate the giant liner (Metelko 1). Titanic was designed with sixteen watertight compartments. Each nnovative compartment had doors that were designed to close automatically if the water level rose above a certain height. The doors could also be electronically closed from the bridge. Titanic was able to stay afloat if the first four of the sixteen compartments became flooded. According to the builders, if Titanic collided with anotner snlp In tne worst posslDle way sne would stay anoat Tor two to tnree clays, which would provide enough time for nearby ships to help (Clarkson 6). There were twenty-four double ended boilers and five single ended boilers that were housed in six boiler rooms. The boilers, located down on G deck supplied steam to the engines at a pressure of 215 psi. Titanic had three propellers that were powered by steam. The strong force of the rotation of the propellers powered the ship through rough ice waters. Titanics four funnels were constructed away from the site and were then transported to the shipyard. Only three of the funnels were used to expel smoke and waste gasses. The fourth was added to make the ship look more powerful (Metelko 5). Titanics exterior was completed in 1911. The total cost of the RMS Titanic was $7. 5 million. The cost for the Titanic today would be 120 million dollars. On April 10, 1912, the Titanic commenced her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York, with 2,227 passengers and crew aboard . The passengers included some of the wealthiest and most prestigious people of the 20th century. Captain Edward John Smith, one of the most experienced shipmasters of the Atlantic, was commander in chief of the Titanic. The ship was 882 feet in length, 92 feet in width, 175 feet in height and weighed 46,328 tons. Making Titanics first voyage worldwide news. Top cruising speed was 21 knots with maximum speed of 24 knots (28 mph). The materials that made up the Titanic were mainly plaster, wood, iron, and about three million steel rivets holding the ships plates together. Passenger ships were breaking records in sizes and had the latest innovative equipment for the time. Engineers and electricians from all over the world were interested in Titanics state- of-the-art equipment in communication and safety. l cannot imagine any condition which would cause this ship to founder. I cannot conceive of any vital disaster happening to this vessel. Modern ship building has gone beyond that Osaid by Captain Smith, Commander of Titanic (Metelko 4). The Titanic had the capacity to carry 48 lifeboats, which would have provided enough seats for every passenger on board. Yet, to keep the decks from being too crowded, the White Star Line decided to carry only 20 lifeboats on board, which provided seats for only 52% of the passengers. Only 713 out of 2,227 passengers had the chance to board a lifeboat even though the total capacity of the twenty lifeboats available seated 1,178 people (Amy 6). Unfortunately an additional 470 passengers died because the lifeboats werent filled to capacity. Ironically, there were enough life Jackets available for every assenger onboard; consequently the deaths after the Titanic sunk were not caused because of drowning, but because of hypothermia due to the icy 28 to 31 Fahrenheit degree water in the Atlantic Ocean. Throughout the time that the steamboat was beginning to take over the industrialized world, many shipmen were still navigating using sailboat commands. .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .postImageUrl , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:hover , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:visited , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:active { border:0!important; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:active , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Overpopulation 2 EssayTwo different systems were in operation at the time, Rudder Orders used for steam ships, and Tiller Orders, used for sailing ships. In 2010, shocking information was released about one mistake that could be accountable for the whole tragedy. Louise Patten, the granddaughter of Charles Lightoller, the highest senior officer that survived the wreck, claimed that Titanic hit the iceberg because the man at the wheel made a mistake. Supposedly he confused the order and turned right, directly towards the iceberg instead of left, away from it. Patten said the tragedy had occurred aurlng a perloa wnen snlpplng communlcatlons were In transltlon Trom sall to steam orders (BBC 3,4). The two steering systems were the complete opposite of one another, so a command to turn hard a-starboard meant turn the wheel right under one system and left under the other. In a moment of panic, the steersman used the wrong orders and turned toward the iceberg. The ship had four minutes to change course but by that time it was too late for the ship to miss the iceberg as described by Patten. She said that while Charles Lightoller was not on watch at the time of the collision, a dramatic final meeting of the four senior officers took place in the first officers cabin shortly before Titanic went down. The truth of what happened on that historic night was deliberately buried. By his code of honor, he felt it was his duty to protect his employer, the White Star Line, and its employees Patten said (BBC ). Was confusion about steering orders responsible for the Titanic sinking? No one will ever truly know. However this confession made in 2010 answers many questions as to why such a huge unsinkable ship sank so fast. Captain Edward John Smith rose in seniority and gained a reputation amongst passengers and crew for extended experience. Some passengers would only sail the Atlantic in a ship commanded by him. After he became commodore of the White Star fleet in 1904, it became routine for Smith to command the lines newest ships on their maiden voyages (History Titanic 3). It was therefore no surprise that Smith took Titanic in her maiden voyage in April 1912. He was said to be the most knowledgeable Captain to sail across the Atlantic Oceans waters. Despite his capabilities at sea, an unfortunate series of events led the Titanic to hit an iceberg on the night of April 14th, 1912. There were six ice water warnings received to the Titanics telegraph room, the Marconi room, on the day of the collision; but the wireless operator ignored all the warning telegraphs from other ships on April 14th, 1912 because he was preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages. The moon was not out on the night of the collision, resulting in a very calm sea the day of the collision. It was difficult to see the iceberg because no waves were breaking at the surface. Rough waters would have caused waves to break around the iceberg making it easier to see from afar, but this wasnt the case. The iceberg that the Titanic struck was not a very big one. It did not even come up as high as the bridge of the ship. An iceberg exposes only 1110th of its mass above water with the other 9/1 Oths of its mass below water (Credo Reference 13). It makes them impossible to budge even with a force of a ship like the Titanic. The iceberg that the Titanic struck was unusual in such a way that it was not white ice like most others. It was claimed that the iceberg had a dark. Black ice on icebergs is caused by continuous melting and moving of the icebergs position, consequently making it a black object, almost impossible to see from a distance. Particles from under the surface causes icebergs to darken, and when the iceberg is melting, it slowly changes position in the water causing the darken side to surface and be visible, the term for this kind of iceberg is blackberg. The Titanic was traveling 22. 5 knots while cruising through iceberg-laden waters, Just 0. knot from her maximum speed capability. The gash that the iceberg cut into the hull of the Titanic was about 250 feet long. The watertight compartments of the Titanics hull were open at the tops. Fifteen transverse bulkheads created sixteen compartments that could be isolated from the adjoining compartment using special doors (Wilson 5). The ship could have stayed anoat wltn Tour compartments noooea, out tne DreaKage tnat tne Iceoerg caused was so large that it exposed five of the compartments to the damage. Water quickly rushed in through the penetrated bow making it extremely heavy and leading it to be ulled underwater. The sinking of the RMS Titanic occurred on the night of April 14th through to the morning of April 15th 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean, four days into her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. From the moment the iceberg scratched the side of the bow it only took two hours and forty minutes for the Titanic to be completely underwater. The ship sank with over a thousand passengers and crewmembers still on board. RMS Carpathia arrived on the scene about an hour and a half after the sinking and had rescued the last of the survivors in the lifeboats by 5 a. (History Titanic 9). The disaster caused widespread public outrage over the lack of lifeboats, lax shipping regulations, and the unequal treatment of the different passenger classes aboard the ship. Inquiries set up in the wake of the disaster recommended sweeping changes to maritime regulations. Most of the regulations while traveling by ship today were learned from the mistakes that were made on the Titanic. Traveling b y water nowadays is a lot safer than it was in the early 1900s. The disaster led to major changes in maritime regulations to implement new safety measures. Carrying enough lifeboats to fit every passenger is a law. Lifeboat drills are properly carried out and that radio equipment on passenger ships must be manned around the clock. An International Ice Patrol was set up after the tragedy to monitor the presence of icebergs in the North Atlantic, and maritime safety regulations are now coordinated internationally through the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (Wilson 6). As a result to this tragedy, there will never be a shortage of lifeboats, an ignorance of danger warnings, or overconfidence in a ship again. .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .postImageUrl , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:hover , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:visited , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:active { border:0!important; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:active , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Federalist Papers And Federalism EssayToday, the wreck of the RMS Titanic is located about 70 miles south-southeast off the coast of Newfoundland. The Titanic lies 12,600 feet, which is over 2. 33 miles at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean in two pieces. The pressure is over 6,000 pounds per square inch at that depth. The bow and stern of Titanic which were broken in half at the time of the sinking lay 1,970 feet apart from one another on the ocean floor (Credo Reference 5). The two main parts of the wreck of Titanic present a striking contrast. Although fourteen survivors testified that the ship had broken apart as she sank, these testimonies were discounted by the official nquiries that were held after the sinking. They stated that the ship was too strong to be broken by water weight and concluded that Titanic had sunk intact. It was until 74 years later that Richard Ballards expedition discovered the Titanics shipwreck site (Wilson 17). They confirmed that the unequal weight from the flooding caused the ship to split apart between the second and third funnels at or Just below the surface. The area around the bridge is particularly badly damaged; as Robert Ballard has put it, it looks as if it had been squashed by a giants fist. Charles R. Pellegrino has roposed that the extreme damage was the result of a down-blast of water, caused by the hydraulic effect that had followed the bow section as it fell towards the seabed. According to Pellegrinos hypothesis, when the bow came to an abrupt halt the inertia of the slipstream caused a rapidly moving column of water weighing thousands of tons to strike the top of the wreck. The force of the water tore up the sterns top deck and folded it back on itself. The center propeller is totally buried, wnlle tne Torce 0T tne Impact caused tne two wlng propellers ana snaTts to De Dent upwards by an angle of about 20 degrees (Credo Titanic). As Titanic broke apart, many objects and pieces of hull were scattered across the seabed. There are two debris fields in the vicinity of the wreck, each between 2,000- 2,600 feet long, trailing in a southwesterly direction from the bow and stern. They cover an area of about 2 square miles. Most of the debris is concentrated near the stern section of Titanic. It consists of thousands of objects from the interior of the ship, ranging from coal from ruptured bunkers to suitcases, clothes, corked wine bottles, bathtubs, windows, washbasins, Jugs, bowls, hand mirrors and numerous ther personal effects, most objects still intact despite the pressure. The debris field also includes numerous pieces of the ship itself, with the largest pieces of debris in the vicinity of the partially disintegrated stern section (Century History 5). At that depth, the water is bitterly cold, there is no light and the high pressure causes lower oxygen and salinity levels. It was thought by scientists that organisms would not thrive at that depth and Titanic would effectively be in a deep freeze. The reality has turned out to be the opposite; the ship has increasingly deteriorated since the sinking in 1912. Her gradual decay is due to a number of different physical, chemical and biological processes that are taking place at such depth. Fish and crustaceans have devoured the soft organic material aboard. Wood-boringmolluscs such as Teredo colonized the ships decks and interior in huge numbers, eating away the wooden decking and other wooden objects such as furniture, paneling, doors and staircase banisters (Credo Reference 23). When the organisms food runs out they die, leaving behind calcareous tubes. The longest-lasting inhabitants of Titanic are likely to be bacteria and archaea that have colonized the metal hull of the ship. They have produced reddish-brown stalactites of rust down as much as several feet, looking like long needle-like icicles, as Robert Ballard stated. The formations, which Ballard dubbed rusticles, are extremely fragile and disintegrate in a cloud of particles if touched. The bacteria consume the iron in the hull, oxidizing it and leaving rust particles behind as a waste product. To protect themselves from the seawater, they secrete an acidic viscous slime that flows where gravity takes it, carrying ferric oxides and hydroxides that form the rusticles (History Titanic). Since Titanics wreck was discovered in 1985, radical changes have been observed in the marine ecosystem around the ship. It has been 101 years since the Titanic touched the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, yet somehow every time the world hears about the Titanic tragedy, it manages to send shivering sensations down our spines. Many lessons were learned because of this wreck. Lessons that will stay with us forever, lessons that have changed the way humanity is shaped. The Titanic will never be forgotten. Even though it is sitting almost two and a half miles deep in the ocean, this significant story in maritime istory will live in our hearts forever. Amy, Tikkanen. Titanic. Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica. Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 17 Apr. 2013.. Clarkson, Andrew. TITANIC-TITANIC. com I White Star Line. White Star Line. Titanic- Titanic copyright, 1995. web. 17 Apr. 2013.. Familys Titanic secret Revealed. BBC News. BSC, 22 sept. 2010. web. 17 Apr. 2013. . Metelko, Karl. White Star Line Titanic. WebTitanic. White Star Line, 2001. Web. 17 Apr. 2013.. Wilson, Andrew. Why The Titanic Still Fascinates Us. Smithsonian Magazine. N. p. , Mar. 2012. eb. 17 Apr. 2013.. RMS Titanic. Ships of the World, Houghton Mifflin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997. Credo Reference. Web. 17 April 2013. Ten Facts About the Titanic That You Dont Know. About. com 20th Century History. N. p. , n. d. web. 17 Apr. 2013.. The Sinking of the Titanic, 1912. The Sinking of the Titanic, 1912. Eye Witness to History, 2000. web. 17 Apr. 2013.. Titanic. 2013. The History Channel website. Apr 17 2013, 2:47 http:// www. history. com/topics/titanic . Titanic. Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. Santa Barbara: ABC- CLIO 2005 credo ReTerence 1/ Aprll 2